Critically evaluate the claim that Britain is now a classless society Essay

Fundamentally assess the case that Britain is presently an awkward society - Essay Example The remarkable reasonable response to guarantee of Dr. Goebbels that England and remains the nation of two countries, would be an acknowledgment, that by and by there are three of them. Be that as it may, highlight of English class qualifications isn't in their treachery, however in their erroneous date. They don't exactly absolutely correspond with the outskirts of financial differentiations. It is acknowledged to arrange an advanced society as indicated by three parameters: the high society that is bourgeoisie, white collar class, that is trivial bourgeoisie, and common laborers, that is working class (Abercrombie, 2001). Britain remains the one of last nations sticking outside types of feudalism. New titles are kept and are continually settled; the office of masters, essentially comprising of genetic friends, has genuine forces. Simultaneously in England there is no genuine privileged. Racial qualifications, on which the privileged is based, were eradicated as of now before the finish of the Middle Ages, and the notable medieval families essentially have just vanished (Abercrombie, 2001). It is intriguing to take note of that the sharp line, not money related, however social, runs within working class, isolating the individuals who tries to a common lifestyle, from the others. To standard estimates everybody among the industrialist and living for the week pay can be in a group positioned as frivolous bourgeoisie. That is the rancher, the capable authority, the legal counselor, the cleric, the bank-laborer, the venturesome temporary worker and the angler are enrolled in a similar class. Anyone, who gives even least consideration to class qualifications, will put the official with the income in 1 000 pounds above on an open stepping stool, than shop-help with the income in 2 000 pounds. The comparative qualifications exist even among the privileged societies: It creates the impression that more respect is given to the titled individual, than to the untitled one, yet more extravagant. By and by the individuals of white collar class are

Language acquisition Essay

Talk about synchronic and diachronic ways to deal with language. Contrary to the absolutely authentic perspective on language of the past hundred years, Ferdinand de Saussure underscored the significance of seeing from two particular and generally select perspectives, which he called â€Å"synchronic† and â€Å"diachronic†. The word â€Å"chronic† has been gotten from Greek word â€Å"chronos† which means time. Synchronic etymology considers language to be a living entire, existing as a state at a specific point in time (an ital de langue, as Saussure put it, Greek â€Å"syn†-with, chronos †time). Diachronic etymology concerns language in its authentic turn of events (Greek dia through, chronos †time). Along these lines elucidating etymology is known as â€Å"synchronic linguistics† and considers a language at one specific timeframe. Chronicled semantics is known as diachronic or worldly etymology and manages the improvement of language through time. For instance, the manner by which French or Italian have developed from Latin, and Hindi from Sanskrit. It likewise examines language change. An investigation of the change from Old to Middle English is a diachronic report. Early English Middle English chint knightâ stan ston an o similarly, the investigation of a writer’s improvement from youth to development is a case of diachronic examination. The manner by which Shakespeare’s style changes from youth to development is likewise an example of diachronic examination. Saussure says: â€Å"Synchronic etymology will concern the sensible and mental relations that quandary together coinciding terms and from a framework in the aggregate psyche of speakers. Diachronic etymology, despite what might be expected, will consider relations that quandary together progressive terms, not saw by the aggregate psyche however fill in for one another without framing a framework. † Thus synchronic etymology manages frameworks though diachronic with units. The connection between the two parts of language study was diagrammatically spoken to by Saussure in the accompanying manner: C Xâ€X1â€X2â€X3 B A D Here AB is the synchronic hub of simultaneities, CD is the diachronic hub of progression. Abdominal muscle is a language state at a subjectively picked point in time on the line CD (at X); CD is the chronicled way the language has voyage, and the root which it will keep voyaging. The purpose of crossing point X shows that neither bars the other totally. On the off chance that CD speaks to development over a period (express 100 years from 1850 to 1950), X1, X2, X3†¦ speak to the progressive condition of language 1860, 1870, 1880, 1890, etc. The contrast between clear or synchronic and authentic or diachronic phonetics can be represented by the graph of Saussure itself, who was the principal individual to call attention to the need of recognizing the two methodologies. We may think this is genuinely clear qualification on the off chance that it had not been the situation that some very famous nineteenth century researchers had neglected to draw it. What's more, it should be drawn. Neither rejects the other totally, obviously, there must be a state of crossing point as far as the previously mentioned outline. Be that as it may, monitoring, the qualification permits us to concentrate consideration all the more answeringly on language from a given reliable edge. Additionally, due accentuation on the synchronic (which had been dismissed measurement before Saussure) assists with explaining the significant point that a diachronic examination consistently pre-assumes, somewhat a synchronic report. It is difficult to consider the manner in which a language has changed starting with one state then onto the next without first knowing something about the two states to be looked at. This need not to be a couple of complete synchronic depictions, obviously, to whine that it would be a twisting of what language specialists really do by and by however some nonhistorical examination is fundamental as a starter. Saussure adjusts his conversation with different analogies, of which his relationship with a round of chess is maybe the most popular. On the off chance that we stroll into a room while a chess game is being played, it is conceivable to survey the condition of the game by just examining the situation of the pieces on the board (as long as we probably am aware the principles): we don't regularly need to know the past moves from the earliest starting point of the game. What's more, similarly the condition of board at each move is verifiable in any example of play we may wish to examine. The synchronic/diachronic differentiation, Saussure claims, is a lot of like this. What's more, without needing to drive the similarity excessively far, we can concur with him. All through the nineteenth century semantic research was firmly authentic in character. One of the chief points of the subject was to bunch language families based on free improvement from a typical source, or to contemplate language change. The portrayal of a specific language was made auxiliary to this general point, and there was little enthusiasm for the investigation of a language of a given network without reference to chronicled thought. Saussure’s qualification among diachronic and synchronic examination of the language is a differentiation between two restricting perspective focuses. By the by, substantial diachronic work must be founded on acceptable synchronic work on the grounds that no legitimate articulation about phonetic change can be made except if great depiction of a language exists. Likewise a synchronic explanation may well mirror certain verifiable turns of events. For instance, two vowels of 'reel’ and 'real’ are depicted as being essentially extraordinary in light of the fact that the recorded realities show various hotspots for the 'ee’ and the 'ea’. Then again, we discover explanations like 'ought’ is the past tense of 'owe’ and 'dice’ is the plural of 'die’. One can call attention to that these announcements are diachronically, yet not synchronically, valid. A synchronic methodology is sufficient to pick up dominance over a contemporary language, however it is important to have a diachronic portrayal to comprehend the development of that language.

How Much Do Common Football Injuries Cost Without Insurance

How Much Do Common Football Injuries Cost Without Insurance How Much  Do These Common Football Injuries Cost Without Insurance? How Much  Do These Common Football Injuries Cost Without Insurance?Star players going down with common football injuries has been one of the defining factors of the 2017-18 NFL season. For instance, the Green Bay Packers started 3-1 but have done 1-3 after Aaron Rodgers went down with a broken collarbone. And after JJ Watt  was placed on injured reserve with a tibial plateau fracture in his left knee, the Houston Texans learned to feel hopeful again behind rookie quarterback Deshaun Watson’s electrifying play … only for him to tear his ACL in practice, ending his season immediately. Plus theres Carson Palmer, James Winston, Odell Beckham Jr., the list goes on.And these injuries arent rare. Torn ACLs, broken legs, concussions, ankle sprains, and turf toe are all common ways for a football player to get hurt. Of course, when it comes to medical care, NFL players do have it better than the average person, at least in the short-term. The cost of their medical care is fully covered.Bu t how much would these common football injuries cost without insurance? The price tags might not phase professional players making an NFL salary, but, for regular folks, the cost of these common injuries could turn a medical emergency into a life-changing financial disaster.Let’s go to the tape…Without insurance to cover the bill, here’s how much these common football injuries would costConcussion: $4,646Neck stinger or burner: $7,522A dislocated shoulder: $1,465AC joint injury: $6,434Broken finger: $4,779Hamstring tear: $5,041Herniated disc: $15,707Knee ligament tear (ACL, PCL, MCL): $15,376Meniscus tear: $19,844High ankle sprain: $3,520Turf toe: $1,900Achilles injury: $7,593Lisfranc injury: $8,946In 2016, the median annual income in America was a record high $59,039. Without insurance, the injuries listed above would take up anywhere from 3.2 percent to 33.6 percent of that amount. Imagine spending over one-third of your yearly salary to repair a knee injury!For players in t he NFL, the numbers look a little different. In 2017, the minimum salary for an NFL player is $465,000. So even without insurance, these injuries would eat up a much smaller percentage of that player’s paycheck compared to your average American.Plus, the year’s biggest injuries have hit players who make a lot more than the league minimumAaron Rodgers has a broken collarbone, which would cost $28,826 without insurance, or .22 percent of his total salary.JJ Watt has a tibial plateau fracture, which would cost $35,764 without insurance, or .34 percent of his total salary.Odell Beckham Jr. has a fractured ankle, which would cost $9,730 without insurance, or 3.8 percent of his total salary.Deshaun Watson has a torn ACL, which would cost $15,376 without insurance, or .07 percent of his total salary.Carson Palmer has a broken arm, which would cost $11,406 without insurance, or one percent of his total salary.Jameis Winston has an AC joint sprain, which would cost $6,434 without insuran ce, or .22 percent of his total salary.Nobody likes to see their favorite NFL player get carted off the field, but at least these players  dont have to pay their own medical bills. In most cases, those costs are covered as a part of their contracts, and theyll still get paid while rehabbing from the injury. And even if a player gets released  because of an injury, their team still has to pay for the weeks they would have spent on the roster before being medically cleared to pay. While an injury can affect their ability to get paid in the future, the immediate effect on their finances isnt that huge.But the same isnt true for a regular person who doesnt carry medical insurance. For them, the cost of these common injuries would  have a much biggerâ€"and scarierâ€"impact on their finances.Want to learn more?Read about how Loss of Value insurance allows elite college and professional athletes to protect their financial futures.Medical debt is one of the primary reasons that  Americans f ile for bankruptcy. Check out this OppLoans ebook to learn the best way to finance a medical emergency.Like this infographic? After you share it with your friends on social media, take a peek at our Stranger Things infographic that compares the cost of life in Hawkins, IN in 1983  compared to today!Let us know what you think of this post!  You can  email us  or you can find us on  Facebook  and  Twitter.

Smoking Is The Risks To Teenagers Essay - 1626 Words

Smoking: The Risks to Teens Millions of Americans all over the world make the hasty decision to try their first cigarette before the legal age. Many kids think smoking looks like a cool and exciting new experience to try, but they do not realize how smoking takes a toll on not only the body, but everyone and everything around them. Unfortunately, the choice to smoke as teens impacts the rest of their life. Many adolescents start smoking before the legal age. In high school, teens feel like they need to fit in with a certain crowd. They feel like the only way to have fun is to smoke and drink with their friends and should not do their homework or even going to school because their friends do not go. If someone attends a new school and does†¦show more content†¦Smoking causes other teens to look at them funny and appear as someone they do not want to hang around with. Smoking can cause yellow teeth, wrinkles on the face, and stained hands. It can also make hair, breath, and clothes stink. When stepping into a room where someone had smoked, the smell will most likely stick around for a long time until the room is cleaned or sprayed with some freshener (Not Smoking, 2015). When teens make the decision to smoke, it will cause them to have many physical characteristics that can make them look unappealing. Not only does smoking make people look unattractive, but it can have long lasting effects on the skin and body as well. If someone continues to smoke for a long time, it can hurt their lungs, teeth, skin, and voice. When they smoke, the lungs will fill with the bad smoke, and it will make it hard to breathe. It will also cause the teeth to rot and even possibly fall out. After a long time of smoking, the skin will start to wrinkle and have a leather-styled texture. People’s voices may sound good when they first start smoking, but, once they smoke for a longer time, it becomes gravely and lower toned due to all of the smoke and coughing. If their voice continues to act like this, they might lose their voice totally, causing them to have a voice box inserted in their neck. Smoking may also hurt the chance of relationships for teenagers. Most high school girls will agree that kissing a smoker does not taste theShow MoreRelatedTobacco Consumption in Adolescents: A Health Promotio n Campaign1263 Words   |  6 PagesThis essay will discuss the issue of smoking in adolescents from the Australian society. The discussion will include a recent campaign that has been created to cut the morbidity rates of smoking in adolescents from the Western Australian (WA) region. The campaign â€Å"Smarter than Smoking† provided an effective health promotion strategies to reduce tobacco enhancement for adolescents aged 10-15 years old. The essay will provide a better analysis on tobacco consumption in adolescents. Thus, portrayingRead MoreCauses of Smoking Habit Among Teenagers1621 Words   |  7 PagesCauses of Smoking habit among Teenagers Regina Jane A. Ancheta Math11FA1 Prof. Dangla Hypothesis: Chapter 1: Introduction Each year a great amount of money are being wasted in smoking. Although it is quite obvious that smoking habit is dangerous and injurious to health but still a larger number of people especially teenagers attracting and getting involved in smoking habit day by day. Some reasons of this addiction are obvious such as influence of friends or community member as teenageRead MoreArgumentative Essay - Smoking806 Words   |  4 PagesShould cigarettes smoking be prohibited in pubs ? Michal Ã… ½Ãƒ ¡Ã„ ik Writing V. Rob Lee Argumentative Essay 6. 2. 2011 Unhealthy environment, smoke screens and empty wallets are a few problems someone might have when he enters a pub. On the one hand, it ´s required to have at least one non-smoking area in every pub, but on the other hand it ´s usually a small part of it. It could be a big problem for non-smokers, because they are bigger in number than seats for them. A good hopefulness for non-smokersRead MoreTobacco Addiction : The Strong Craving For The Addictive Substance Nicotine1356 Words   |  6 Pagesaddiction and know personally what a horrible thing it is. All of my grandparents have smoked in the past and two of them have serious problems that came from the effects of their tobacco addiction. Tobacco addiction is a serious problem, so in this essay I will be expanding on it, and its many causes, effects and treatments. The reason people become addicted to tobacco is nicotine, a chemical that affects both your mood and your physical brain. 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Marijuana is seen to be one of the most dangerous and addictive drugs in the United Kingdom. The amount of young teenagers using cannabis in the United Kingdom is rapidly increasing and this could lead to the death of a lot of teenagers. This essay is mainly going toRead MoreAdvertisements For Smoking Should Be Banned Essay974 Words   |  4 PagesAdvertisements For Smoking Should Be Banned. Advertisements involving smoking should be prohibited. Kids and teens that are the most impressionable and easily influenced. Cigarette promotions make smoking appear harmless and cool and have led to many kids under the age of 18 to have smoked for years. The advertisements on quitting smoking and how bad they are for you may be effective for older viewers, however many teens and kids are drawn to cigarettes even more because adults are saying it isRead MoreAdvertisements For Smoking Should Be Banned975 Words   |  4 PagesAdvertisements For Smoking Should Be Banned. 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This essay seeks to illustrate the cause and effect of antismoking campaigns, T.V advertising, campaigns against smokers not being allowed N.H.S treatment, and the ban of smoking i n public places and also illustrating the reasons why similar campaignsRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1617 Words   |  7 Pageslegalized with certain condition. In this essay I am going to talk about the views of different people on the legalization of marijuana. â€Å"You don’t need to be cool to smoke weed, but if you smoke weed you are really cool†. I found this statement in one of the page in Facebook. †(I love smoking weed)†. This statement surely encourages the teenagers to be attracted towards marijuana. Each and every thing related with marijuana increases the curiosity of the teenagers towards the drug. The THC present

Federalism in The European Union Treaty of Lisbon

Federalism in the EU Federalism is a system of administration involving two or more levels of government with autonomous power and responsibilities. It is a political concept in which a group of members are bound together by a covenant with a governing representative head. The term federalism is also used to describe a system of government in which sovereignty is constitutionally divided between a central governing authority and constituent political units (such as states or provinces). In the United States, Federalism argues for a stronger central government which is not the case with the EU. European federalism argues for a weaker central government. The strongest advocates of European federalism have been countries like Germany,†¦show more content†¦Despite some traces of unanimity, the Treaty implies strong supranational victories in the development of the AFSJ. This development can be explained as a natural evolution: strengthening the integration in one sector pushes for integration in another, and this has become more obvious as the EU is growing with more members. In order to make a free mobility possible, it is useful to have cooperation within the fields of AFSJ. Nonetheless, this development is different in different sectors. AFSJ, the former third sector, is the subject of strong power transfer to the European level whereas CFSP to a high extent remains intergovernmental. Using liberal intergovernmentalism, this can be seen as an example of rational cooperation within low politics while the nation states are less willing to give up their sovereignty in high politics (thus indicating intergovernmentalist nature). So what did the Lisbon treaty in fact change? In addition to reaffirming the procedural hurdles of the Amsterdam Protocol, the Lisbon treaty strengthened the political safeguards of federalism by involving the national parliaments as â€Å"watchdogs of subsidiarity†. According to Article 6, each national parliament may, within eight weeks, produce a reasoned opinion stating why it considers that a European legislative draft does not comply with the principle of subsidiarity. Each national Parliament will therebyShow MoreRelatedThe European Union ( Eu )1413 Words   |  6 PagesThe European Union (EU) is the union of economic, monetary and political with twenty-seven Member States. They work together, in order to get particular advantages for their countries. This has been argued by Bickerton, the shift from nation-states to Member States led to a subtle and not unproblematic. However, the countries are free to choose want to join or withdraw from the EU. 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Seven Eleven Case Free Essays

string(94) " the rapid replenishment is a good system but the cost of replenishing and receiving is high\." http://zh. scribd. com/doc/45901851/Study-Questions-2 Questions 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Seven Eleven Case or any similar topic only for you Order Now A CONVENIENCE STORE CHAIN ATTEMPTS TO BE RESPONSIVE AND PROVIDECUSTOMERS WHAT THEY NEED, WHEN THEY NEED IT, WHERE THEY NEED IT. WHAT ARESOME DIFFERENT WAYS THAT A CONVENIENCE STORE SUPPLY CHAIN CAN BERESPONSIVE? WHAT ARE SOME RISKS IN EACH CASE? 1. 1 As responsiveness increases, the convenience store chain is exposed to greater uncertainty. A convenience store chain can improve responsiveness to this uncertainty using one of the following strategies, especially for fresh and fast foods: Local Capacity. The convenience store chain can provide local cooking capacity at the stores and assemble foods almost on demand. Inventory would be stored as raw material. This is seen at the U. S. fast-food restaurant franchise Subway where dinner and lunch sandwiches are assembled on demand. The main risk with this approach is that capacity is decentralized, leading to poorer utilization. Local Inventory. Another approach is to have all inventory available at the store at all times. This allows for the centralization of cooking capacity. The main risk is obsolete inventory and the need for extra space. Rapid Replenishment. Another approach is to set up rapid replenishment and supply the stores with what they need when they need it. This allows for centralization of cooking capacity and low levels of inventory, but increases the cost of replenishment and receiving. 1. 2 As responsiveness increases, the convenience store chain is exposed to greater uncertainty. A convenience store chain can improve responsiveness to this uncertainty using one of the following strategies, especially for fresh and fast foods:1. Local Capacity. The convenience store chain can provide local cooking capacity at the stores and assemble foods almost on demand. Inventory would be stored as raw material. This is seen at the U. S. fast-food restaurant franchise Subway where dinner and lunch sandwiches are assembled on demand. The main risk with this approach is that capacity is decentralized, leading to poorer utilization. 2. Local Inventory Another approach is to have all inventory available at the store at all times. This allows for the centralization of cooking capacity. The main risk is obsolete inventory and the need for extra space. . Rapid Replenishment Another approach is to set up rapid replenishment and supply the stores with what they need when they need it. This allows for centralization of cooking capacity and low levels of inventory, but increases the cost of replenishment and receiving. From the case study, Seven-eleven Japan Co. had provided their customers a variety of service that is difference responsive way fro m usual convenience store concept. 1. 7dream. comSeven-Eleven Japan established an e-commerce company which their customer can choose the product at home and pick the product at the store. Because from the survey, 92% of its customers preferred to pick up their online purchase at the local convenience store rather than have them delivered at home. Since Seven-Eleven Japan have the distribution system that conforms with these drop and pick up system. So Seven-Eleven serve as drop-off and collection points for Japanese people. Instead of providing customers at that time the need is happen, the customers can choose the product at home and then pick up the product later at the store. The risk of this case is normally Seven-Eleven Japan established this system as a way to derive benefit from the existing distribution system. If in the future this system is popular among the Japanese, the capacity of the existing distribution system may not be enough to serve the customers such as a space to storage the goods waiting for customers to pick up (the store in Japan is smaller than other country)2. In-Store Payment Instead of selling household goods, food and groceries, a convenience store can be responsive as a payment spot. Seven-Eleven Japan add a variety of services that customers can obtain at its stores for example an in-store payment of Tokyo Electric Power bills, gas, insurance premiums, and telephone. In order to attracted millions of additional customers every year and take advantage of opening hour and number of stores to service customer. The risk of this case is when the company adopt this service every Seven-Eleven store Japan have to link with the data of the payment such as electric bill. If the employees not fully understand how the ystem works, he or she will misunderstand and take too long to serve customer. Result in lower customer satisfaction and can link to overall brand dissatisfaction. Some customer will stop buying at Seven-Eleven because the long waiting time. 2. SEVEN-ELEVEN’S SUPPLY CHAIN STRATEGY IN JAPAN CAN BE DESCRIBED ASATTEMPTING TO MICRO-MATCH SUPPLY AND DEMAND USING RAPID REPLENISHMENT. WHAT ARE SOME RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH THIS CHOICE? 2. 1The main risk for Seven -Eleven is the potentially high cost of transportation and receiving at stores. 2. By using rapid replenishment system, Seven-Eleven Japan store can manage lower inventory in the store and higher shelf space available. This fit for Seven-Eleven in Japan because of smaller size of the store. But it still have some risk in case of a very fluctuated demand, when the demand raise to a very high level the inventory that the store stock might not be enough to serve customers demand. This situation will lead to loss of a sale and lower customer’s satisfaction. The rapid replenishment is a core concept to lean thinking. It’s how you can manage the flow of inventory and how you can shorten the cycle time between each delivery. Which mean seven eleven will deliver more often and the quantity of the product between each deliver will depend on the demand of the customer that forecast from the Point Of Sale and previous Data. It allowed seven eleven to be able to control their inventory level because when they deliver more often they can deliver just few amounts at a time. Therefore there are also some risks associated with this system. First, even though the rapid replenishment is a good system but the cost of replenishing and receiving is high. You read "Seven Eleven Case" in category "Papers" It’s because the system that require to put the rapid replenishment become efficient, for example they have to install the point of sale system to generate the sale information to the dc and supplier so they can deliver the good that fit for the curtain demand. For the receiving they also have to have the product scanner to scan the product when it arrives to the store. All of that equipment that’s required will raise the cost of the replenishing and receiving. Furthermore, the receiving cost also high because of the number of the delivery that higher too. Second, even though rapid replenishment helps seven eleven to maintain their inventory level that drive by the demand of the customer, to save their inventory cost. Sometime it might be risk in the shorten of inventory(backlogs) because when seven eleven tried to micro match the demand and supply, seven eleven have to rely on the past purchasing data and the point of sale data. To be able to generate the demand forecast to deliver the product to each of seven eleven chain store. What if the demand has become so fluctuate to the point that it over their inventory level, that time seven eleven will be suffer from the empty shelf. As you know that the favorite items from seven eleven are such as lunchbox, rice ball and sandwich, so most likely if the consumer come during the high demand won’t have the food to consume. So most likely the consumer will go to other convenience store to buy the food to serve their need in that curtain time. If this scenario happen more that few time, the consumer most likely to switch the convenient store. That’s why this is also the risk that seven eleven has to face and try to overcome in order to maintain their competitive advantage. Third, the risk that they have to face is that they will not have the economics of scale in production because when they apply the rapid replenishment, the suppliers will only produce the product to match the need of the store when they need it. They won’t produce the same item for the large amount, which is if they produce in that way they won’t have to suffer from the set up cost in each batch that they have to produce. Fourth, even though the rapid replenishment will lower the transportation but seven eleven still have to concern about the gas price because if the gas price raise it will again increase their operation cost. Then again seven eleven won’t be able to raise their product price to serve that cost too due to the incentive competition in the convenience market. Fifth, Due to the system that when the trucks deliver the product to the store, there will be only the store people who scan and check the product in to the system. There will be no way of detecting the feud. The replenishment system worked on trust and did not require the delivery person to be present when the store personnel scanned in the delivery. This is a very risky system because store personnel may stoles the products. It can cause company loss in a million. 3. WHAT HAS SEVEN-ELEVEN DONE IN ITS CHOICE OF FACILITY LOCATION, INVENTORYMANAGEMENT, TRANSPORTATION, AND INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE TO DEVELOPCAPABILITIES THAT SUPPORT ITS SUPPLY CHAIN STRATEGY IN JAPAN? 3 .1 All choices made by Seven-Eleven are structured to lower its transportation and receiving costs. For example, its area-dominance strategy of opening at least 50 to 60 stores in an area helps with marketing butalso lowers the cost of replenishment. All manufacturing facilities are centralized to get the maximum benefit of capacity aggregation and also lower the inbound transportation cost from the manufacturer to thedistribution center (DC). Seven-Eleven also requires all suppliers to deliver to the DC where products aresorted by temperature. This reduces the outbound transportation cost because of aggregation of deliveriesacross multiple suppliers. It also lowers the receiving cost. The information infrastructure is set up to allowstore managers to place orders based on analysis of consumption data. The information infrastructure alsofacilitates the sorting of an order at the DC and receiving of the order at the store. The key point toemphasize here is that most decisions by Seven-Eleven are structured to aggregate transportation andreceiving to make both cheaper. 3 .2 ? Filling in the entire map of Japan is not our priority. Instead, we look for demand where Seven-Eleven storesalready exist, based on our fundamental area dominance strategy of concentrating stores in specific areas.? hisabove statement shown that to ensure that the support of Seven-Eleven Japan ¶s facility location to its supply chain strategy, Seven-Eleven Japan has based its fundamental network expansion policy on a market dominancestrategy. Wherever Seven-Eleven Japan entries into any new market, it was built around a cluster of 50  ± 60 storessupported by a distribution center. The main reason of applying cluster strategy, it is that clustering gave Seven-Eleven Japan a high-density market presence and allowed it to operate an efficient distribution system. There areseveral benefits of implementing the market-dominance strategy including such as boosting distributionefficiency, improved brand awareness, increasing the system efficiency, enhancing efficiency of franchise supportservices, improving advertising effectiveness and preventing competitors ¶ entrance into the dominant area. For inventory management, what Seven-Eleven Japan had done to develop capability that support its supply chain strategy is to offer its stores a choice from a set of 5,000 stock keeping units and each store could carry onaverage about 3,000 stock keeping units depending upon the local customer demand. Seven-Eleven emphasizedregional merchandizing to cater precisely to local preferences. Each store carries food items, beverages,magazines, and consumer items such as soaps, detergents, etc. The highest generated sale of Seven-Eleven is under food category, and under Seven-Eleven Japan concept, thefood items were classified in four broad categories including Chilled items such as sandwiches, delicatessenproducts, and milk; Warm items such as box lunches, rice balls, and fresh bread; Frozen items such as ice-cream,frozen foods, and ice cubes; and Room-temperature items such as canned food, instant noodles, and seasonings. The efficiency in managing the inventory of Seven Eleven Japan could be proved by the resulted of inventory turnover rate is equal to over 50 when comparing to the second largest Seven Eleven in the United States is only about 17 in 2003. For transportation or distribution system of Seven Eleven Japan, the system was tightly linked the entire supply chain for all product categories as Seven Eleven distribution centers and the information network played a key role in that regard. Its main objective is to carefully track sales of items and offer short replenishment cycle times. In 1987, Seven Eleven Japan had offered three times daily store delivery of all rice dishes and twice a day for freshfood. Its distribution system was flexible enough to alter delivery schedules depending on customer demand. When a store placed an order, it was immediately transmitted to the supplier as well as the distribution center. The supplier received orders from all Seven Eleven stores and started production to fill the orders. The supplierthen sent the orders by truck to the distribution center. The key to store delivery was what Seven Eleven calledthe combined delivery system. At the distribution center, delivery of like products from different suppliers was directed into a single temperaturecontrolled truck. There were four categories of temperature-controlled trucks such as frozen foods, chilled food,room temperature processed foods, and warm foods. The number of stores per truck depended on the sales volume. The system worked on trust and did not require the delivery person to be present when the storepersonnel scanned in the delivery; this helps to reduce the delivery time spent at each store. Based on theinformation, it shown that Seven Eleven has continuously improve its transportation and distribution system,since 1974, there were 70 vehicles visited each store every day but later on in 1994, there were only 11 vehiclesnecessary. This dramatically reduced delivery costs and enabled rapid delivery of a variety of fresh foods. In2004, Seven Eleven Japan had a total of 290 dedicated manufacturing plants throughout the country that only produced fast food for Seven Eleven stores. The items were distributed through 293 dedicated distributioncenters that ensure rapid and reliable delivery. None of there distribution centers carried any inventory, they merely transferred inventory from supplier trucks to Seven Eleven distribution trucks. Transfleet Ltd. , a company set up by Mitsui and Co. for exclusive use of Seven Eleven Japan, provided this transportation. For information infrastructure, Seven Eleven Japan attributed a significant part of its success to the TotalInformation System installed in every outlet network linking the head office, stores, and the Seven Elevendistribution centers. Until July 1991, only a traditional analog network linked these chains. Later on, anintegrated services digital network or ISDN was installed, linking more than 5,000 stores; it became one of the world ¶s largest ISDN system. This system enables Seven Eleven to collect, process, and feed back point of salesdata quickly. Sales data generated in each stores by 11. 0p. m. , was processed and ready for analysis the nextmorning. In 1997, Seven Eleven Japan was introduced its fifth generation of the Total Information System, which was stillin use in 2004, the hardware system included as the following; Graphic Order Terminal, this was a handleddevice with a wide-screen graphic display, use by the store owner or manager to place the order. Once all theorders were placed, the terminal was returned to its slot, at which point the orders were relayed by the storecomputer to both the appropriate vendor and the Seven Eleven distribution center. Scanned Terminal, thesescanners read bar codes and recorded inventory. They were used to receive product coming in from a distribution center. This was then automatically checked against a previously placed order and the two were reconciled. Thisscanner terminal was also used when examining inventory at stores. Store Computer, this linked to the ISDN network, the POS register, the graphic order terminal, and the scannerterminal. It communicated between the various input sources, tracked store inventory and sales, places orders,provided detailed analysis of POS data, and maintained and regulated store equipment. POS register; this POSdata was automatically transmitted online to a host computer. All sales data collected by 11. 00p. m. was organizedand ready for analysis by the next morning. The data was evaluated on a company wide, district, and store basis. Due to Seven Eleven done in its choice of information infrastructure to develop capability that support its supply chain strategy, the information system allowed Seven Eleven store to better match supply with demand. Storestaff could adjust the merchandising mix on the shelves according to consumption patterns throughout the day. The identification of slow and non-moving items also allowed a store to convert shelf space to introduce new items. 4. SEVEN-ELEVEN DOES NOT ALLOW DIRECT STORE DELIVERY IN JAPAN, WITH ALLPRODUCTS FLOWING THROUGH ITS DISTRIBUTION CENTER. WHAT BENEFIT DOES SEVEN-ELEVEN DERIVE FROM THIS POLICY? WHEN IS DIRECT STORE DELIVERY MOREAPPROPRIATE? 4. 1 Direct store delivery (DSD) would lower the utilization of the outbound trucks from the Seven-ElevenDC. It would also increase the receiving costs at the stores because of the increased deliveries. Thus,Seven-Eleven forces all suppliers to come in through the DC. DSD is most appropriate when stores arelarge and nearly-full truck load quantities are coming from a supplier to a store. This was the case, for example, in large U. S. Home Depot stores. For smaller stores it is almost always beneficial to have anintermediate aggregation point to lower the cost of freight. In fact, Home Depot itself is setting up theseintermediate facilities for its new stores that are often smaller. 4. There has been useful advantage of Seven-Eleven upon CDC and DSD as the centers allow smoothing of distribution operation to the stores and the provision of better quality and better information on supply anddeliveries is available and there was control of the supply chain as achieved. The presence of technology like theadaptation of the POS system can possibly move ahead and do aid the store employment and managementsituation by freeing up staff time. Seven-Eleven U. S. has begun introduce the Combine d Distribution Center daily delivery of fresh-prepared foodsaround 2000. By partnering with multiple food companies, the convenience retailer will be able to offer fresh-made-daily and delivered-fresh-daily pastries, gourmet sandwiches, wraps, entrees, as well as other perishableand ready-to-eat foods once a day. This was a challenge because the CDCs are operated by several different third-party partners, and Seven-Eleven felt it did not have effective metrics for comparing performance to a reliable benchmark. This was due to many factors, including different facility sizes, building layouts and the variety of products handled by each CDC. pros y Added choices to customers in perishable consuming. Seven-Eleven can add other specialty items to its selectionsuch as fruit salads, seasonal whole and cut fruit, fresh-squeezed juices and produce from a farmer ¶s market. Theconsumers can easily get the fresh perishable products near their house. y Daily delivery means just that Seven-Eleven stores can place orders to the CDC and get fresh product by sortingfor delivery to stores at every night y With the company ¶s proprietary retail information system, each store can customize its order to provide the exactitems the customers in their neighborhood want. Receiving fewer deliveries to your store during the day. In this advantages, the stores no need to waste the time tocheck through each delivery because all needed products will be set up and combined since the DistributionCenters. y Expedite business for local food companies, which can now make one delivery to a central location fordistribution to local stores. y Reduce the hold ing Inventory Cost. Stores can order just the amount they sell in a day or two, so they don ¶t haveproduct sitting around on the shelves. That means that they can guarantee the freshness in the perishableproducts at Seven-Eleven. y The staffs are able to consolidate work and spend more time with your customers, growing your business. As they will check the stock and place the order to the CDC and receive the product at night. y The suppliers can delivery in large amount with one full truck load as there has a store big enough to keep theproducts with the method to keep the product longer and still perish. C ons y Much lower density (hence longer distance) of U. S. Seven-Eleven stores. Deliver a few product everyday may using too much cost with the longer distance of each branch. Need to increase density, even though setting upown system only reduce problems by eliminating delivers y Increase transportation cost at stores because of increased delivers. As Distribution Centers need to deliver theproduct everyday with a few amounts in order to keep the freshness of the product. y Losing the economics of scale advantages, as Seven-Eleven need to order the product everyday in the feweramounts. y H igh costs of keeping the products as some products need a specific temperature to keep them 5. WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT THE 7DREAM CONCEPT FOR SEVEN-ELEVEN JAPAN? FROM A SUPPLY CHAIN PERSPECTIVE, IS IT LIKELY TO BE MORE SUCCESSFUL IN JAPANOR THE UNITED STATES? WHY? 7dream makes sense given that Japanese customers are happy to receive their shipments at the localconvenience store. From a logistics perspective, online deliveries can piggy back on Seven-Eleven AaA? s existing distribution network in Japan. Deliveries from the online supplier can be broughtto the DC where they are sorted along with other deliveries destined for a store. This should increase theutilization of outbound transportation allowing Seven-Eleven to offer a lower cost alternative to having a package carrier deliver the product at home. The primary negatives are that 7dream will use up storagespace and require the store to be able to retrieve specific packages for customers. One can argue that the concept may be more successful in Japan given the existing distribution network of Seven-Eleven and the frequency of visits by customers. Online delivery is able to link with the existingnetwork. The high visit frequency ensures that packages are not occupying valuable store shelf space for along time. Also, the frequent visits ensure that the marginal cost to the customer of picking up at aJapanese Seven-Eleven is small. This is less likely to be the case in the United States. 6. SEVEN-ELEVEN IS ATTEMPTING TO DUPLICATE THEIR SUCCESSFUL JAPANESE SUPPLYCHAIN STRUCTURE IN THE UNITED STATES WITH THE INTRODUCTION OF CDCS. WHATARE THE PROS AND CONS OF THIS APPROACH? KEEP IN MIND THAT STORES ARE ALSOREPLENISHED BY WHOLESALERS AND DSD BY MANUFACTURERS. The difficulty of duplicating the Japan supply chain structure in the United States follows primarily fromthe much lower density of U. S. Seven-Eleven stores. This is compounded by the fact that Seven-Elevenstores are getting both direct store deliveries as well as wholesaler deliveries to its stores. Setting up itsown DCs does not allow Seven-Eleven to get the same level of transportation aggregation as it gets inJapan. Its own distribution system would help more if all wholesaler deliveries and direct store deliverieswere stopped and routed through the DC. Even then, having its own distribution system would add muchless value than in Japan given the lower density of stores and larger distance between stores. 7. THE UNITED STATES HAS FOOD SERVICE DISTRIBUTORS LIKE MCLANE THAT ALSOREPLENISH CONVENIENCE STORES. WHAT ARE THE PROS AND CONS TO HAVING ADISTRIBUTOR REPLENISH CONVENIENCE STORES VERSUS A COMPANY LIKE SEVEN-ELEVEN MANAGING ITS OWN DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION? One can contend that a distributor brings much more value to the table in the United States relative toJapan. Given the lower density of stores, a distributor is able to aggregate deliveries across manycompeting stores. This allows a distributor to reach levels of aggregation that cannot be achieved by asingle chain such as Seven-Eleven. The big disadvantage to having all deliveries done through a distributor is that Seven-Eleven is unable to exploit having a large number of stores. In fact, it may be argued thatgoing through the distributor has Seven-Eleven subsidize deliveries to competing smaller chains that mayalso be using the same distributor. How to cite Seven Eleven Case, Papers

Technology in A Brave New World Brave New World Essay Example For Students

Technology in A Brave New World Brave New World Essay Technology in A Brave New World Technology is defined as using the entire body of science, methods, andmaterials to achieve an end. Technology, or techne, is so preoccupied withweather it can, it never considers if it should. In Of Techne and Episteme, aarticle on technology and humanities, the author Eddy warns us that a societywithout epistemological thinking would lead to a society of skilledbarbarians. This is the topic of the novel Brave New World in which AldousHuxley portrays a future world where babies are manufactured on an assembly lineand put into a social class while they are still embryos in a test tube. Aschildren they are engineered to be content with their rank in this world wherelove, viviparous reproduction, and knowledge of anything beyond your job servesno purpose. A look at Brave New World supports Eddys beliefs on the importanceof humanities in society because of unethical genetic experimentation and thecharacters lack of individuality. We will write a custom essay on Technology in A Brave New World Brave New World specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The society of Brave New World has gained the knowledge to producebabies much like their God, Henry Ford, produced the Model T. They have takenthis technology and exploited it for their own benefit. They have created withtheir hands without using their head or heart. Scientists toy with the embryos,cutting off oxygen to those predestined to become lower caste members. Thosechosen to work as rocket plane engineers were in constant rotation during theembryonic phase of their life. Doing repairs on the outside of a rocket inmid-air is a tickish job. We slacken off the circulation when theyre right wayup, so that theyre half starved, and double the flow of surrogate when theyreupside down. They learn to associate topsy-turvydom with being well-being.These procedures would be considered morally incorrect today, however, in thefuture the lack of ethics allows this to be a normal procedure. Eddy stressesthe importance of humanities, and teaching of moral ethics. Schweitzer saidthat If any age lacks the minds to force it to think about the ethical, thelevel of its morality sinks, and with it, its capacity to answering thequestions that present themselves. This quote could not apply its-self more toBrave New World. Each of the characters in Brave New World lacks an important humancharacteristic, individuality. I feel individuality is one of the mostimportant things that defines us as humans, we were each created differently,and, like a snow flake, no two people are alike. In the future, due to theadvent of genetic engineering, up to 17 thousand babies can be made from asingle fertilized egg. Each person has their identity programmed in thedecanting room. Each life has a predestined path that has been determined forthem, robot slaves working for society and gain, no different than the skilledbarbarians of Eddys warning. I feel that Eddys beliefs are supported by Huxleys novel Brave NewWorld. Without humanities, Huxleys future thought only of the end and not ofthe means, there was no concern for life and each life lacked individuality. Ithink the most unnerving part of this is I see many similarities between Brave New World and the present and todays social tendencies.